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dio

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A powerful Http client for Dart, which supports Interceptors, Global configuration, FormData, Request Cancellation, File downloading, Timeout etc.

Add dependency

dependencies:
  dio: 2.1.x  #latest version

If you are using 1.0.x , this doc can help you upgrade to 2.0.x. Change log

Super simple to use

import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
void getHttp() async {
  try {
    Response response = await Dio().get("http://www.google.com");
    print(response);
  } catch (e) {
    print(e);
  }
}

Table of contents

• Examples

• Dio APIs

• Request Options

• Response Schema

• Interceptors

• Cookie Manager

• Handling Errors

• Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format

• Sending FormData

• Transformer

• Set proxy and HttpClient config

• Https certificate verification

• Cancellation

• HttpClientAdapter

• Features and bugs

  ​

Examples

Performing a GET request:

Response response;
Dio dio = new Dio();
response = await dio.get("/test?id=12&name=wendu")
print(response.data.toString());
// Optionally the request above could also be done as
response = await dio.get("/test", queryParameters: {"id": 12, "name": "wendu"});
print(response.data.toString());

Performing a POST request:

response = await dio.post("/test", data: {"id": 12, "name": "wendu"});

Performing multiple concurrent requests:

response = await Future.wait([dio.post("/info"), dio.get("/token")]);

Downloading a file:

response = await dio.download("https://www.google.com/", "./xx.html");

Get response stream:

Response<ResponseBody> rs = await Dio().get<ResponseBody>(url,
 options: Options(responseType: ResponseType.stream), // set responseType to `stream`
);
print(rs.data.stream); //response stream

Get response with bytes:

Response<List<int>> rs = await Dio().get<List<int>>(url,
 options: Options(responseType: ResponseType.bytes), // // set responseType to `bytes`
);
print(rs.data); // List<int>

Sending FormData:

FormData formData = new FormData.from({
    "name": "wendux",
    "age": 25,
  });
response = await dio.post("/info", data: formData);

Uploading multiple files to server by FormData:

FormData formData = new FormData.from({
    "name": "wendux",
    "age": 25,
    "file1": new UploadFileInfo(new File("./upload.txt"), "upload1.txt"),
    // upload with bytes (List<int>)
    "file2": new UploadFileInfo.fromBytes(
        utf8.encode("hello world"), "word.txt"),
    // Pass multiple files within an Array
    "files": [
      new UploadFileInfo(new File("./example/upload.txt"), "upload.txt"),
      new UploadFileInfo(new File("./example/upload.txt"), "upload.txt")
    ]
});

Listening the uploading progress:

response = await dio.post(
  "http://www.dtworkroom.com/doris/1/2.0.0/test",
  data: {"aa": "bb" * 22},
  onSendProgress: (int sent, int total) {
    print("$sent $total");
  },
);

Post binary data by Stream:

// Binary data
List<int> postData = <int>[...];
await dio.post(
  url,
  data: Stream.fromIterable(postData.map((e) => [e])), //create a Stream<List<int>>
  options: Options(
    headers: {
      HttpHeaders.contentLengthHeader: postData.length, // set content-length
    },
  ),
);

…you can find all examples code here.

Dio APIs

Creating an instance and set default configs.

You can create instance of Dio with an optional BaseOptions object:

Dio dio = new Dio(); // with default Options

// Set default configs
dio.options.baseUrl = "https://www.xx.com/api";
dio.options.connectTimeout = 5000; //5s
dio.options.receiveTimeout = 3000;

// or new Dio with a Options instance.
Options options = new BaseOptions(
    baseUrl: "https://www.xx.com/api",
    connectTimeout: 5000,
    receiveTimeout: 3000,
);
Dio dio = new Dio(options);

The core API in Dio instance is:

Future request(String path, {data,Map queryParameters, Options options,CancelToken cancelToken, ProgressCallback onSendProgress, ProgressCallback onReceiveProgress)

response=await request(
    "/test",
    data: {"id":12,"name":"xx"}, 
    options: Options(method:"GET"),
);

Request method aliases

For convenience aliases have been provided for all supported request methods.

Future get(...)

Future post(...)

Future put(...)

Future delete(...)

Future head(...)

Future put(...)

Future path(...)

Future download(...)

Request Options

The Options class describes the http request information and configuration. Each Dio instance has a base config for all requests maked by itself, and we can override the base config with [Options] when make a single request. The [BaseOptions] declaration as follows:

{
  /// Http method.
  String method;

  /// Request base url, it can contain sub path, like: "https://www.google.com/api/".
  String baseUrl;

  /// Http request headers.
  Map<String, dynamic> headers;

   /// Timeout in milliseconds for opening  url.
  int connectTimeout;

   ///  Whenever more than [receiveTimeout] (in milliseconds) passes between two events from response stream,
  ///  [Dio] will throw the [DioError] with [DioErrorType.RECEIVE_TIMEOUT].
  ///  Note: This is not the receiving time limitation.
  int receiveTimeout;

  /// Request data, can be any type.
  T data;

  /// If the `path` starts with "http(s)", the `baseURL` will be ignored, otherwise,
  /// it will be combined and then resolved with the baseUrl.
  String path="";

  /// The request Content-Type. The default value is [ContentType.JSON].
  /// If you want to encode request body with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
  /// you can set `ContentType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")`, and [Dio]
  /// will automatically encode the request body.
  ContentType contentType;

  /// [responseType] indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  /// options which defined in [ResponseType] are `JSON`, `STREAM`, `PLAIN`.
  ///
  /// The default value is `JSON`, dio will parse response string to json object automatically
  /// when the content-type of response is "application/json".
  ///
  /// If you want to receive response data with binary bytes, for example,
  /// downloading a image, use `STREAM`.
  ///
  /// If you want to receive the response data with String, use `PLAIN`.
  ResponseType responseType;
  
  /// `validateStatus` defines whether the request is successful for a given
  /// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` ,
  /// the request will be perceived as successful; otherwise, considered as failed.
  ValidateStatus validateStatus;

  /// Custom field that you can retrieve it later in [Interceptor]、[Transformer] and the   [Response] object.
  Map<String, dynamic> extra;
  
  /// Custom Cookies
  Iterable<Cookie> cookies;
}

There is a complete example here.

Response Schema

The response for a request contains the following information.

{
  /// Response body. may have been transformed, please refer to [ResponseType].
  T data;
  /// Response headers.
  HttpHeaders headers;
  /// The corresponding request info.
  Options request;
  /// Http status code.
  int statusCode;
  /// Custom field that you can retrieve it later in `then`.
  Map<String, dynamic> extra;
}

When request is succeed, you will receive the response as follows:

Response response = await dio.get("https://www.google.com");
print(response.data);
print(response.headers);
print(response.request);
print(response.statusCode);

Interceptors

For each dio instance, We can add one or more interceptors, by which we can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by then or catchError.

dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
    onRequest:(RequestOptions options){
     // Do something before request is sent
     return options; //continue
     // If you want to resolve the request with some custom data，
     // you can return a `Response` object or return `dio.resolve(data)`.
     // If you want to reject the request with a error message, 
     // you can return a `DioError` object or return `dio.reject(errMsg)`    
    },
    onResponse:(Response response) {
     // Do something with response data
     return response; // continue
    },
    onError: (DioError e) {
     // Do something with response error
     return  e;//continue
    }
));

Resolve and reject the request

In all interceptors, you can interfere with their execution flow. If you want to resolve the request/response with some custom data，you can return a Response object or return dio.resolve(data). If you want to reject the request/response with a error message, you can return a DioError object or return dio.reject(errMsg) .

dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
  onRequest:(RequestOptions options){
   return dio.resolve("fake data")    
  },
));
Response response = await dio.get("/test");
print(response.data);//"fake data"

Supports Async tasks in Interceptors

Interceptors not only support synchronous tasks, but also supports asynchronous tasks, for example:

dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
    onRequest:(Options options) async{
        //...If no token, request token firstly.
        Response response = await dio.get("/token");
        //Set the token to headers 
        options.headers["token"] = response.data["data"]["token"];
        return options; //continue   
    }
));

Lock/unlock the interceptors

You can lock/unlock the interceptors by calling their lock()/unlock method. Once the request/response interceptor is locked, the incoming request/response will be added to a queue before they enter the interceptor, they will not be continued until the interceptor is unlocked.

tokenDio = new Dio(); //Create a new instance to request the token.
tokenDio.options = dio;
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
    onRequest:(Options options) async {
        // If no token, request token firstly and lock this interceptor
        // to prevent other request enter this interceptor.
        dio.interceptors.requestLock.lock();
        // We use a new Dio(to avoid dead lock) instance to request token.
        Response response = await tokenDio.get("/token");
        //Set the token to headers
        options.headers["token"] = response.data["data"]["token"];
        dio.interceptors.requestLock.unlock();
        return options; //continue
    }
));

You can clean the waiting queue by calling clear();

aliases

When the request interceptor is locked, the incoming request will pause, this is equivalent to we locked the current dio instance, Therefore, Dio provied the two aliases for the lock/unlock of request interceptors.

dio.lock() == dio.interceptors.requestLock.lock()

dio.unlock() == dio.interceptors.requestLock.unlock()

dio.clear() == dio.interceptors.requestLock.clear()

Example

Because of security reasons, we need all the requests to set up a csrfToken in the header, if csrfToken does not exist, we need to request a csrfToken first, and then perform the network request, because the request csrfToken progress is asynchronous, so we need to execute this async request in request interceptor. The code is as follows:

dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
    onRequest: (Options options) {
        print('send request：path:${options.path}，baseURL:${options.baseUrl}');
        if (csrfToken == null) {
            print("no token，request token firstly...");
            //lock the dio.
            dio.lock();
            return tokenDio.get("/token").then((d) {
                options.headers["csrfToken"] = csrfToken = d.data['data']['token'];
                print("request token succeed, value: " + d.data['data']['token']);
                print(
                    'continue to perform request：path:${options.path}，baseURL:${options.path}');
                return options;
            }).whenComplete(() => dio.unlock()); // unlock the dio
        } else {
            options.headers["csrfToken"] = csrfToken;
            return options;
        }
    }
));

For complete codes click here.

Log

You can set LogInterceptor to print request/response log automaticlly, for example:

dio.interceptors.add(LogInterceptor(responseBody: false)); //开启请求日志

Cookie Manager

CookieManager Interceptor can help us manage the request/response cookies automaticly. CookieManager depends on cookieJar package :

The dio cookie manage API is based on the withdrawn cookie_jar.

You can create a CookieJar or PersistCookieJar to manage cookies automatically, and dio use the CookieJar by default, which saves the cookies in RAM. If you want to persists cookies, you can use the PersistCookieJar class, the example codes as follows:

var dio = new Dio();
dio.interceptors.add(CookieManager(CookieJar()))

PersistCookieJar is a cookie manager which implements the standard cookie policy declared in RFC. PersistCookieJar persists the cookies in files, so if the application exit, the cookies always exist unless call delete explicitly.

Note: In flutter, the path passed to PersistCookieJar must be valid(exists in phones and with write access). you can use path_provider package to get right path

More details about cookie_jar see : https://github.com/flutterchina/cookie_jar .

Custom Interceptor

You can custom interceptor by extending the Interceptor class. There is an example that implementing a simple cache policy: custom cache interceptor.

Handling Errors

When a error occurs, Dio will wrap the Error/Exception to a DioError:

try {
    //404  
    await dio.get("https://wendux.github.io/xsddddd");
} on DioError catch(e) {
    // The request was made and the server responded with a status code
    // that falls out of the range of 2xx and is also not 304.
    if(e.response) {
        print(e.response.data) 
        print(e.response.headers) 
        print(e.response.request)    
    } else{
        // Something happened in setting up or sending the request that triggered an Error  
        print(e.request)  
        print(e.message)
    }  
}

DioError scheme

 {
  /// Response info, it may be `null` if the request can't reach to
  /// the http server, for example, occurring a dns error, network is not available.
  Response response;

  /// Error descriptions.
  String message;
  
  DioErrorType type;
  
  /// The original error/exception object; It's usually not null when `type` 
  /// is DioErrorType.DEFAULT
  dynamic error;

  /// Error stacktrace info
  StackTrace stackTrace;
}

DioErrorType

enum DioErrorType {
  /// When opening  url timeout, it occurs.
  CONNECT_TIMEOUT,

  ///It occurs when receiving timeout.
  RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,

  /// When the server response, but with a incorrect status, such as 404, 503...
  RESPONSE,

  /// When the request is cancelled, dio will throw a error with this type.
  CANCEL,

  /// Default error type, Some other Error. In this case, you can
  /// read the DioError.error if it is not null.
  DEFAULT,
}

Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format

By default, Dio serializes request data(except String type) to JSON. To send data in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format instead, you can :

//Instance level
dio.options.contentType=ContentType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//or works once
dio.post("/info",data:{"id":5}, options: new Options(contentType:ContentType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")));

There is an example here.

Sending FormData

You can also send FormData with Dio, which will send data in the multipart/form-data, and it supports uploading files.

FormData formData = new FormData.from({
    "name": "wendux",
    "age": 25,
    "file": new UploadFileInfo(new File("./example/upload.txt"), "upload.txt")
});
response = await dio.post("/info", data: formData);

Note: Just the post method suppots FormData.

There is a complete example here.

Transformer

Transformer allows changes to the request/response data before it is sent/received to/from the server. This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'. Dio has already implemented a DefaultTransformer, and as the default Transformer. If you want to customize the transformation of request/response data, you can provide a Transformer by your self, and replace the DefaultTransformer by setting the dio.transformer.

In flutter

If you use dio in flutter development, you'd better to decode json in background with [compute] function.

// Must be top-level function
_parseAndDecode(String response) {
  return jsonDecode(response);
}

parseJson(String text) {
  return compute(_parseAndDecode, text);
}

void main() {
  ...
  //Custom jsonDecodeCallback   
  (dio.transformer as DefaultTransformer).jsonDecodeCallback = parseJson;
  runApp(MyApp());
}

Other Example

There is an example for customizing Transformer.

HttpClientAdapter

HttpClientAdapter is a bridge between Dio and HttpClient.

Dio implements standard and friendly API for developer.

HttpClient: It is the real object that makes Http requests.

We can use any HttpClient not just dart:io:HttpClient to make the Http request. And all we need is providing a HttpClientAdapter. The default HttpClientAdapter for Dio is DefaultHttpClientAdapter.

dio.httpClientAdapter = new DefaultHttpClientAdapter();

Using proxy

DefaultHttpClientAdapter provide a callback to set proxy to dart:io:HttpClient, for example:

(dio.httpClientAdapter as DefaultHttpClientAdapter).onHttpClientCreate = (client) {
    // config the http client  
    client.findProxy = (uri) {
        //proxy all request to localhost:8888
        return "PROXY localhost:8888";
    };
    // you can also create a new HttpClient to dio
    // return new HttpClient();  
};

There is a complete example here.

Https certificate verification

There are two ways to verify the https certificate. Suppose the certificate format is PEM, the code like:

String PEM="XXXXX"; // certificate content 
(dio.httpClientAdapter as DefaultHttpClientAdapter).onHttpClientCreate  = (client) {
    client.badCertificateCallback=(X509Certificate cert, String host, int port){
        if(cert.pem==PEM){ // Verify the certificate
            return true; 
        }
        return false;
    };
};

Another way is creating a SecurityContext when create the HttpClient:

(dio.httpClientAdapter as DefaultHttpClientAdapter).onHttpClientCreate  = (client) {
    SecurityContext sc = new SecurityContext();
    //file is the path of certificate
    sc.setTrustedCertificates(file);
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(context: sc);
    return httpClient;
};

In this way, the format of certificate must be PEM or PKCS12.

Cancellation

You can cancel a request using a cancel token. One token can be shared with multiple requests. When a token's cancel method invoked, all requests with this token will be cancelled.

CancelToken token = new CancelToken();
dio.get(url1, cancelToken: token);
dio.get(url2, cancelToken: token);

// cancel the requests with "cancelled" message.
token.cancel("cancelled");

There is a complete example here.

Copyright & License

This open source project authorized by https://flutterchina.club , and the license is MIT.

Features and bugs

Please file feature requests and bugs at the issue tracker.

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